Psychology/clockwork Orange Essays -- essays research papers

A Clockwork Orange is a film about a wild and troubled young pest Alex. Alex and his friends (droogs) get a high from inflicting harm upon others. They commit random acts of robbery and rape around London. Alex, as the ringleader, eventually gets caught and is sent to prison. It is in prison that scientists field of view Alexs impetuous behavior. Scientists believed that through special training or a program that his evil ways could be fixed. Alex was subjected to a conditioning program that would frame an unpleasant physical reaction to just the thought of doing harm to another person. Skinners theories on behaviorism are introduced in these scenes where the doctors are toilsome to cure Alex.As part of the conditioning program, Alex is forced to watch films with his eyelids clamped open. His face is then wrapped in electrical straps and wires. He is forced to watch violent scenes and right after those scenes follow crimes that Alex committed with his gang of friends. In the re ar of the theater, the doctors watch his reactions and record his behavior. These images of violence in the films induced nausea caused by the injections. As he watches, a feeling of queasiness slowly takes over. The doctors predicts that he will associate the death experience with the violence he sees. After his first session, the prevail later says that Alex has made a very positive response to the conditioning, and he is being cured. The next day the films are being played with ...

Importance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper

Importance of Symbolism and Setting in The discolour Wallpaper In the disturbing novel, The xanthous Wallpaper, the setting in which the action takes place is super important. The seed uses setting to focus the readers attention into the story in a gradual manner. Also, the manipulation of setting allows the author to subtly break symbols in the text. These symbols represent Gilmans view on the status of women in the ancient society of the nineteenth century. The story takes the form of a journal of the master(prenominal) caseful. Therefore, the readers view is limited to the impressions of a single character, Jane. Considering some dry land information on Gilman, one can easily draw the final result that the story is actually a reflection of personal experience. Gilman has suffered an extreme mental imprint as the result of psychiatric treatments, prior to writing this short story. The author identifies herself with this character. Due to her poor health, Jane listens t o the doctors advice and redirects the energy she formerly spent on worries to air and exercise, and journeys(Gilman 946). She continuously focuses her attention on the surrounding environment and she pays very much attention to detail in her journal descriptions, accompanying these descriptions with personal impressions, most of the clock time because of the subjective view, the reader assimilates these impressions as if they were his own. Setting is important for the character - she has perplex to this place in the hope that the surrounding environment will have a positive influence in her state of health. However, it is at least as important for the reader as well, because the reader is very closely bound to the characters thoughts and impressions and a... ...he Jaundiced Eye Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The sensationalistic Wallpaper. Studies in goldbrick Fiction. 31, (1994) 39-46. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York Feminist P ress, 1973. ------. The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman An Autobiography. New York D. Appleton-Century, 1935. Golden, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper. New York Feminist Press, 1992. ------. The Writing of The Yellow Wallpaper A Double Palimpsest. Studies in American Fiction. 17 (1989) 193-201. Haney-Peritz, Janice. Monumental Feminism and Literatures heritable House Another Look at The Yellow Wallpaper Womens Studies. 12 (1986) 113-128. Kasmer, Lisa. Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper A Symptomatic Reading. Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990) 1-15. Importance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow WallpaperImportance of Symbolism and Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper In the disturbing novel, The Yellow Wallpaper, the setting in which the action takes place is extremely important. The author uses setting to focus the readers attention into the story in a gradual manner. Also, the manipulation of setting allow s the author to subtly introduce symbols in the text. These symbols represent Gilmans view on the status of women in the patriarchal society of the nineteenth century. The story takes the form of a journal of the main character. Therefore, the readers view is limited to the impressions of a single character, Jane. Considering some background information on Gilman, one can easily draw the conclusion that the story is actually a reflection of personal experience. Gilman has suffered an extreme mental depression as the result of psychiatric treatments, prior to writing this short story. The author identifies herself with this character. Due to her poor health, Jane listens to the doctors advice and redirects the energy she formerly spent on worries to air and exercise, and journeys(Gilman 946). She continuously focuses her attention on the surrounding environment and she pays much attention to detail in her journal descriptions, accompanying these descriptions with personal impressions , most of the time because of the subjective view, the reader assimilates these impressions as if they were his own. Setting is important for the character - she has come to this place in the hope that the surrounding environment will have a positive influence in her state of health. However, it is at least as important for the reader as well, because the reader is very closely bound to the characters thoughts and impressions and a... ...he Jaundiced Eye Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. Studies in Short Fiction. 31, (1994) 39-46. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York Feminist Press, 1973. ------. The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman An Autobiography. New York D. Appleton-Century, 1935. Golden, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination A Casebook on The Yellow Wallpaper. New York Feminist Press, 1992. ------. The Writing of The Yellow Wallpaper A Double Palimpsest. Studies in American Fiction. 17 (1989) 193-201. Haney-Peri tz, Janice. Monumental Feminism and Literatures Ancestral House Another Look at The Yellow Wallpaper Womens Studies. 12 (1986) 113-128. Kasmer, Lisa. Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper A Symptomatic Reading. Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990) 1-15.

The Lost Roanoke Colony Essay -- essays research papers

Jamestown is thought by most of our general population to be the first colony in the newfangled World. This is only half true. Jamestown is considered our first successful colony, however it was not our first attempt at a colony. There were a few attempts to colonize the new-sprung(prenominal) World before Jamestown and champion in particular that is found to be interesting is Roanoke also known as the Lost Colony. It received this name imputable to the fact that the colonists that settled this colony disappeared very mysteriously. This poses the question of What happened to the people of Roanoke? There are many different viewpoints of what occurred to the colonists and the goal here is to address each one of them. In England, a document signed on January 7, 1587, created a governing body called the Governor and Assistants of the City of Roanoke in Virginia. John White, an illustrator and map maker, was appointed governor. thence on May 5, 1587, eighty-five men, seventeen women, and eleven children boarded the ships heading for the New World. The plan was originally designed for the colony to settle at Chesapeake Bay, however on July 22, 1587, Simao Fernandes, the ship captain of the expedition decided to drop everyone off at Roanoke Island, the site of a previous expedition called Greenville, instead of pushing up the semivowel to the Chesapeake Bay. John White believed that they would reunite with the fifteen colonists left behind from the previous expedition. Instead he only found the bones of one of the men, ...

No Butts About It :: essays research papers

No Butts About It     Bruce Robert Nelsons conviction ought to be overturned. He ought to have maintain a civil suit against the Hennepin County Sheriff and the Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis for colza of his federal constitutional rights. These rights include, inter alia, his rights against illegal search and seizure of the drugs from inside his body, and violation of his rights against self incrimination. These rights are granted to every American resident and citizen including Nelson, by the 4th and 5th Amendment to the Constitution, respectively. The authorities including the warden at the federal prison should also be made parties to the civil suit and their liability may include, such causes as unlawful imprisonment, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.     At least those remedies would be useable to Nelson if and only if 1) No further warrant was obtained before the invading search of Nelsons stomach and 2 ) No appeal was taken and the United States Supreme Court did non specifically sanction this operation upon the defendant. The reason for the above is that the say was seized upon an invalid warrant. The warrant that was obtained to search Nelsons person and possessions was never intended to authorize such invasive procedure. Under the 4th Amendment, the warrant is required to specify the physical boundaries of the search and the U.S. Supreme Court has consistently held that if a surgical procedure is needed thusly also a warrant. Had the Hennepin County Sheriff obtained another warrant before the surgical procedure they may have been shielded from liability in Nelsons civil suit.     The requirement for a special warrant in the case of such a highly invasive surgery is an attempt to balance the authorities right to force a suspect to undergo serious medical surgery on suspicions that are spurious at best and at worst giving unfeathered ply to authorities whi ch may be abused. If the evidence is sufficiently strong then it should be presented to an independent federal magistrate or judge for an evaluation and a close of the existence of the "probable cause" requirement of the 4th and 5th Amendments to the Constitution. The fact that Nelson signed a consent form prior to the performance of the endoscopy which provided the incriminating evidence was not in and of itself conclusive. Apparently Nelson did not have a lawyer before he signed the consent form. There is no indication that he was given Miranda warnings but we do know that he signed under protest and authorization given under these inherently coercive conditions have been repelled by the judicial system.

Flood Myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical Flood Myth of Gene

The Flood in the desperate of Gilgamesh and the Flood of Genesis The Biblical book, Genesis, of the onetime(a) Testament contains an account of an historic Flood which has never been equaled in intensity. Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh also set downs a Flood quite expansive and quite devastating. Are they a record of the same event? E.A. Budge states in Babylonian Story of the Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh that the narration of the Flood in Sumero-Babylonian records may simply be relate to a local flood instead of a worldwide Flood such as the Bible narrates It is not too much to assume that the sea captain event commemorated in the Legend of the Deluge was a serious and prolonged inundation or flood in Lower Babylonia, which was accompanied by bully loss of life and destruction of property. The Babylonian versions state that this inundation or flood was caused by rain, but pas sharps in some of them suggest that the effects of the rai nstorm were increase by other physical happenings connected with the earth, of a most destructive character. (27) Column 1 on Tablet 11 begins the Sumero-Babylonian Flood narrative (Gardner 226). The sage Utnapishtim from Shurippak (100 miles south of Babylon), says The great gods stirred their hearts to make the Flood. . . . Build an ark. . . . Load the seed of every living thing into your ark, the boat that you will build. Let her measurement be measured let her breadth and length be equal. Cover it with a roof as the abyss is covered. (Gardner 226) Alexander Heidel in his book, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, provides a background for the survivor of the Sumero-Babyloni... ..., Nels M. Readings in Ancient History Thought and Experience from Gilganesh to St. Augustine. Third edition. Lexington, MA D.C.Heath and Co., 1987. Budge, E. A. Babylonian Story of the Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh. Montana, USA Kessinger Publishing Co., n.d. Gardner, John and Joh n Maier. Gilgamesh Translated from the Sin-leqi-unninni version. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. Harris, Stephen L. Gilgamesh. The Humanist Tradition in World Literature. Ed. Stephen Harris. Columbus, OH Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1970. Heidel, Alexander. The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels. wampum University of Chicago Press, 1949. Ignatius Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. San Francisco Ignatius Press, 1966. Sandars. N. K. The Epic of Gilgamesh. New York Penguin Books, 1972.

Flood Myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical Flood Myth of Gene

The Flood in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Flood of Genesis The Biblical book, Genesis, of the obsolescent Testament contains an account of an historic Flood which has never been equaled in intensity. Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh also records a Flood sort of expansive and quite devastating. Are they a record of the same event? E.A. Budge states in Babylonian Story of the Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh that the narration of the Flood in Sumero-Babylonian records may simply be related to a local flood instead of a worldwide Flood such as the Bible narrates It is not as well much to assume that the original event commemorated in the Legend of the Deluge was a serious and prolonged inundation or flood in put down Babylonia, which was accompanied by great loss of life and destruction of property. The Babylonian versions state that this inundation or flood was caused by rain, but passages in some(prenominal) of them suggest that the effects of the rainstorm were intensified by other physical happenings connected with the earth, of a most destructive character. (27) Column 1 on Tablet 11 begins the Sumero-Babylonian Flood narrative (Gardner 226). The sage Utnapishtim from Shurippak (100 miles south of Babylon), says The great gods stirred their hearts to make the Flood. . . . Build an ark. . . . Load the seed of every living thing into your ark, the ride that you will build. Let her measure be measured let her breadth and length be equal. Cover it with a roof as the abyss is covered. (Gardner 226) horse parsley Heidel in his book, The Gilgamesh Epic and old Testament Parallels, provides a background for the survivor of the Sumero-Babyloni... ..., Nels M. Readings in Ancient History Thought and Experience from Gilganesh to St. Augustine. Third edition. Lexington, MA D.C.Heath and Co., 1987. Budge, E. A. Babylonian Story of the Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh. Montana, USA Kessinger Publishing Co., n.d. Gardner, John and John Maier. Gilgamesh Translated from the Sin-leqi-unninni version. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. Harris, Stephen L. Gilgamesh. The Humanist Tradition in World Literature. Ed. Stephen Harris. Columbus, OH Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1970. Heidel, Alexander. The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1949. Ignatius Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. San Francisco Ignatius Press, 1966. Sandars. N. K. The Epic of Gilgamesh. New York Penguin Books, 1972.

Short Story Esay – on the Side Walk Bleeding

A short story in which a material tendency becomes important is On the Side walk Bleeding by Evan Hunter. With acknowledgment to the text I will identify the object and explain its significance. In the opening paragraph the author gives a detailed description of a pate which is worn by the victim of an attack. The boys name was Andy, the name was delicately scripted in black thread on the front of the jacket, just over the heart. On the back of the jacket it has the slogan THE ROYALS this is the gang he is associated with. The Royals ar rivals to The Guardians. Being a Royal lead to Andys death. When he goes out for a take up of cigarettes he is violently assaulted by a member of The Guardians. The gang member said, with volume, Thats for you Royal . This tone insinuates that he had a vendetta with the gang as he emphasises the word Royal. If Andy wasnt wearing the Royals jacket he wouldnt have been attacked. As the story progresses there are two young love birds strolling down the pavement.They duck into the abetter _or_ abettor where Andy lay after hed been attacked. They didnt realise that Andy was only a few feet away. Freddie, one of the couple, saw Andy and knelt down beside him, that was when he had seen the jacket and said Hes a Royal. The couple are afraid to help him in case The Guardians attack them. This further reveals the significance of the jacket a material object which caused him to be targeted and is stopping people from percentage him.When Laura, Andys girlfriend, goes searching for him she find him in the ally, dead. He was found 58 minutes after he had been stabbed but before he bleed to death he mustered up all his strength to try and take his dreaded jacket off in the hope that someone would attempt to help him. The jacket meant panic to any one and everyone if he had managed to take it off before, he would have been saved but he didnt do it earlier. A Royal, huh? were the first words the practice of law ships officer said when he had found the jacket only a foot away from his cold body. Laura tried to tell him that his name was Andy but the officer only saw a Royal and nothing else. The jacket was a label and his identity was lost whilst he wore it. The significance of a material object in the text is important because it symbolises his dedication to the gang. This not only resulted in him being targeted it made people afraid to help him and ultimately because of the jacket, he was left-hand(a) to die. Jamie Blair

The Rearmament of Germany in the 1920s and 30s

Looking back on the history, people amaze to ask questions just intimately why things come uped the personal manner that they did. Looking specific on the wholey in the field of World fight 2, a popular question is how was Germany much(prenominal) a successful rend on the battlefield? There are many ex final causeations as to why Germany was so successful in all of its earlier war machine campaigns, but the largest reason out is beca use up of the secret rearmament that took place within Germany, age before the war. Sev successionl years before Hitler and The Second contend, World War 1 ended in the wound defeat of Germany as a dry land.The conditions of Germanys surrender were even more humiliating than the losses on the battlefield. As a result of the agreement of Versailles, which Germany was force to sign, the entire cause of the war was placed on Germany. Therefore Germany was forced to pay large sums of reparations and suffered several consequences militarily a nd sparingally. Those consequences were set up mainly by the British and french as a way to ensure that another war of aggression by Germany will not be commensurate to happen again. stolon off, Germanys military was disarmed and downsized.The number of troops allowed in the German army was never to exceed 100,000 men. Germanys army was further disarmed when the victories allies forbade the use of tanks, poison gas, and large artillery pieces. 1 The German navy was forced to hand over all its battleships, dangerous cruisers, and U-boats, effectively reservation the navy delusive against any power in a possible nautical confrontation. 2 The number of sailors allowed in the navy was in addition limited to 15,000 men as the level best at any time. 3 Lastly, the German transmit force was thawed all together, as Germany was not allowed to possess any warplanes.Also to add to the limitations of the German military, the German frugality was also limited as another way to preven t a German rearmament. The factories in the Ruhr area, where much of Germanys manufacturing took place, were taken over by the French. 4 With no materials and no factories, the allies believed there was no way Germany could ever rearm themselves for war. However after a current of time, the allies began to forget about Germany and the antecedent war. The allies lost interest in German affairs, as they faced their own frugal problems at home.Britain and France both had to now focus on the economic depression of their own countries, and had bitty time to worry about the affairs in Germany. However in Germany, through a string of political moves, Adolf Hitler becomes named prime minister of Germany. Whenever the president Paul Von Hindenburg dies in 1933, Hitler proclaims himself the dictator, which officially puts an end to the Weimar government. 5 One of Hitlers very front roughly objectives as refreshful leader of Germany was to personally make do the rearmament process of Ge rmany. Germany immediately began secretly rearming itself for war.However in France, Britain, and even America, they were still suffering from the effects of the depression. No democratic nation had the resources or m acey to be expression weapons of war. As a matter of fact, the democratic powers were actually downsizing their military spending while Germany was quickly rearming. This rearmament period in Germany is probably the biggest reason for all of Germanys success on the battlefield during the early stages of the war. While the world is building projects of peace, Germany is building up weapons of war.It only makes sense that Germany was able to conquer approximately of continental Europe after they view as been rearming and preparing for years, while the democratic powers had been disarming their own militaries. It cigarette be quite obvious that due to Germanys prolonged period of secret rearmament, they had become so successful over the other world powers erstwhile f ighting broke out again. Contrary to popular belief, German rearmament of Germany did not begin low Hitler and the Nazis Hitler was just the one that massively expanded rearmament. Secret policies for German rearmament were created almost immediately after the defeat of Germany in World War 1.However due to the strict sanctions of the Versailles Treaty, very few of these rearmament policies were possible. Following the disarmament of Germany after World War 1, the official army, or the Reichswehr consisted of 4,000 officers, 20,000 noncommissioned officers, 38,000 Gefreite, and 38,000 soldiers, for the maximum number of 100,000. 6 However, there were still militaristic units in Germany not counted towards the 100,000 total. At the beginning of the Weimar Re existence, during the demobilization and the formation of the new troops, there was no clear distinction amidst legal and illegal parts of the army.Returning soldiers from World War 1, when removed from the army would join org anizations which acted like an army, such as the Freikorps, border patrols, and home guards. 7 It is in these unofficial military units, that Germany is able to fight off the Communist revolution within its borders, and keep a large portion of its military intact. While the military factories in Germany had mostly been shut down or taken over by the British and French soldiers, Germany was still able to produce an abundance of new weapons, despite several bans on them.Many of the major German arms manufacturers had subsidiaries in other countries, particularly the countries neutral in the First World War, such as Sweden, Holland, Switzerland, and Spain. 8 These served as branches of the German companies engaged in armament outturn, research, and development. The use of neutral countries to produce weapons was a great way for German companies to continue making weapons that would have been outlawed in Germany. However since the weapons themselves were not allowed in Germany, the fac tories had to then ship them elsewhere for sale.German export trade flourished with arms trading to China, the Baltic States, and Czechoslovakia. 9 This greatly helped the German economy which would have been doomed to fail had it not been for this illegal selling of German arms. Ironically the greatest country responsible for the pre-Hitler German rearmament, is the country that suffered the most from it, Russia. Russia not only allowed the production of arms in its borders, it allowed the secret training of members of the German army.This began in 1921 with the Rapallo Treaty signed between the deuce countries which had both been severely weakened by the First World War. 10 This connection between the two countries led to the construction of the early German air force, or the Luftwaffe. The Junkers airplane factory located in Dessau, built airplane factories in Russia. Airplane factories were built near Moscow, and in Samara and Saratow, all stocky within Soviet territory to hide the information from the rest of the world. 11 Military air personnel got their instruction in Russia.German officers dismissed from the army went to Russia as civilians and, after a period of training there, returned to the army with a higher rank. 12 The German Army used this to effectively train men for the future day air force. In addition to airplanes, the army also built a poison gas factory in Samara Oblast, a tank schooltime at Kazan, and a naval base to hide and train Germanys navy. 13 The German company Krupp, was one of the larger factories that had a firm in Russia which produced heavy artillery, especially howitzers, that would eventual(prenominal)ly be used in war. 14All of the rearmament up to this point was almost strictly confined and controlled by the leaders in the German army. The first-year known German politician in the Weimar government that becomes aware of this rearmament is the chancellor in the 1920s, Heinrich Muller. 15 Muller did nothing to stop the re-arming, and actually passed cabinet orders to move on secret German rearmament. However Muller did place a ban on the paramilitary units in the Freikorps. However that only led to one of the Freikorps refusing to disband and marching on Berlin in the Kapp Putsch. 6 This began to show the true weakness of the Weimar government. The Weimar government will continue to fail at its policies which will lead to the eventual ascent to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. After the Nazi takeover of power, the re-armament became the topmost priority of the German government. Hitler would then spearhead one of the greatest expansions of industrial production and military buildup the world has ever seen. Once Hitler had gained power in 1933, he immediately continued the secret rearming of Germany.Hitler had made it plain what the basis of his distant constitution would be. He had clearly express that he would undo what had been imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles and re-u nite all Germans into one nation. Hitler however before rearming the German military, first had to rearm the German economy and industry before expanding the army for war. Before Hitler could rearm Germany any further, he had to first make Germany a self-sustaining country that is able to maintain a continued war without suffering severe supply problems, such as the ones that were common in the First World War.Hitler and his economic ministers devised a Four Year Plan that would in theory establish an economically independent Germany. The Four Year Plan sought to reduce unemployment, maturation synthetic fibre production, undertake public works projects, increase automobile production, initiate numerous building and architectural projects, and further develop the Autobahn governing body. 17 The plan also emphasized building up the nations military defenses, in direct violation of the terms set by the Allies of World War I at the Treaty of Versailles. One large project of this plan was the creation of the autobahn highway system.The autobahn was a highway system that was devised as a massive public works project by Hitler, but in reality it was a system of transportation devised for fast transportation of tanks and troops of the German army once war broke out. Hitlers autobahn construction began in September 1933 under the direction of chief engineer Fritz Todt. 18 The 14-mile expressway between Frankfurt and Darmstadt, opened on May 19, 1935, was the first section completed under Hitler. By December 1941, once America had entered the war, Germany had completed 2,400 miles (3,860 km), with another 1,550 miles (2,500 km) under construction. 9 This highway system was one of Hitlers first devious plots to construct a way to wage war on a massive scale. Rearmament in Germany during the 1930s also sought to improve the German industrial buildup. Archival research shows that German published industry statistics attempted to hide sensitive armament industries during this buildup. The industry enumerate of 1936 lists 1. 22 one thousand million employed in construction and other branches of industry. 20 Unpublished archival documents from the Statistical Office reveal that this total includes about 167,000 employed in aircraft and firearms industry. 1 This is a third larger than Germanys motor industry at the same time. This is during the same time that Hitler is claiming to be industrializing Germanys economy to create jobs and to produce cars and roads for the German citizen. The table found below can provide details on Hitlers policy of rearming Germanys factories. Table Depicting 1936 Census Results of German Industry in War making facilities Once Germanys economic situation had been settled, Hitler was satisfied overflowing to begin his next phase of the rearmament of Germany.Hitler saw Nazi Germany as being at the center of Europe and as the great power of Europe, so the nation needful a strong military. Up to this point, Germany had b een technically keeping to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles but in reality she had been bending the rules regarding training. The Treaty of Versailles had not stated that Germany could not train submarine crews abroad or that pilots for the banned German Air Force could train on civilian planes. Therefore, on paper Hitler inherited a weak military but this was not in reality the case. However, Hitler knew that publicly NaziGermany was still seen within Europe as being held to the terms of Versailles and he was opinionated to openly break these terms and re-assert Germanys right to control its own military. In 1933, Hitler arranged his army generals to prepare to triple the size of the army to 300,000 men, and ordered the Air Ministry to plan to build 1,000 war planes. 22 Military buildings such as barracks were built. Hitler withdrew Germany from the Geneva Disarmament Conference when the French refused to accept his plan that the French should disarm to the level of the Germ ans or that the Germans should re-arm to the level of the French.Hitler is quoted as saying Either way, the two main powers of Europe will be balanced. 23 Hitler knew that the French would not accept his plan and therefore when he withdrew from the conference, he was seen by some as the politician who had a more realistic approach to foreign policy and the French were seen as the nation that had caused Nazi Germany to withdraw. For two years, the German military expanded in secret. By March 1935, Hitler felt confident enough to go public on Nazi Germanys military expansion, which broke the terms of the Versailles Treaty.Europe learned that the Nazis had 2,500 war planes in its Luftwaffe and an army of 300,000 men in its Wehrmacht. 24 Hitler felt confident enough to also publicly announce that there would be compulsory military conscription in Nazi Germany and that the army would be increase to 550,000 men. 25 Now Hitler had to wait and see how France and Britain would respond to hi s massive rearming policies. The French and British however did nothing. Britain was still recovering from the Depression which had de wideated the British economy.She could not cave in a conflict. The French preferred a defensive policy against a potential German threat and she spent time and money building the vast Maginot Line, which was a series of vast forts on the French and German border. To Hitler, it even seemed that Britain was supporting Germanys breaking of the Treaty of Versailles. Britain knew that Germany was rebuilding its navy and could do little to stop it other than going to war, which she was not prepared to do. As a result, Hitler signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement with Britain. 6 This treaty had clearly gone against what was stated in the Versailles Treaty on what Germanys navy should be no submarines and only six warships over 10,000 tons. In June 1935 the Anglo-German Naval Agreement was signed, which allowed Germany to have one third of the tonnage of the British navys surface fleet and an equal tonnage of submarines. That now allowed for Germany to build up their navy, or Kriegsmarine, without fear of reproach from Britain. As an addition to expanding the Army and Navy, arguably the most effective tool for Hitler and the Nazis, would be his air force, or Luftwaffe.Aircraft technology developed quickly after the First World War and by the 1930s it was clear to Hitler that air power would play an heavy role in modern warfare. Hitler had an opportunity to give fight experience to his pilots during the Spanish Civil War. In 1937 the German Condor Legion bombed the town of Guernica in support of the fascist rebel leader General Franco. 27 In 1936, again Hitler took a major risk by moving German troops into the Rhineland. 28 This remilitarization was yet another clear contradiction of the Treaty of Versailles, but it was again unopposed by Britain and France.The Abyssinian Crisis in Africa and the shift of Mussolini towards an alli ance with Hitler distracted Britain and France. In Britain, many felt that it was only fair that Germany should be able to protect her borders, after all the Rhineland was Germanys territory. The success of the remilitarization and further rearmament emboldened Hitler to attempt a series of foreign policy adventures in the genuine knowledge that Britain and France would be reluctant to go to war with Germany unless directly threatened. This policy has come to be known as appeasement.By 1939, Hitler had an army of nearly 1 million men, over 8,000 aircraft and 95 warships. 29 This military strength had not been used in conflict, but the threat of it had helped him to achieve the remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, the Anschluss with Austria in 1938, the appropriation of the Sudetenland in 1938 and the invasion of the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939. 30 All of this had been achieved without a shot being fired. A graph depicting Hitlers forces can be found below. German re armament 1932 1939 Army 100,000 950,000 Warships 30 95Aircraft 36 8,250 Graph showing a close estimate of the rearming of the German military under Hitler All during the rearmament process in Germany, the other countries such as Britain, France, and America are downsizing their armies and navies. The major naval powers of Britain, the United States, and Japan recognized the financial costs of a naval arms race. Organized and hosted by Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, the first naval disarmament conference was held in Washington during the wintertime of 1921-22, with eight nations in attendance.The agreement reached is known as the Five Power Treaty, which established a stoppage on the building of new warships for 10 years and set a tonnage ratio for Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy. 31 Respectively and bound by the treaty, the signatories scraped 66 capital ships. 32 In addition to naval disarmament, Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and French Foreign M inister Aristide Briand engineered a pact at the 1927 Geneva conference that outlawed war entirely. 33 It is most likely that out of these weaknesses of the democratic nations, Hitler saw his opportunity to confidently rearm Germany.As a result, Germany continued to rearm continually once Hitler gained power in 1933 up to the break out of war in 1939. Britain and France, still suffering from earlier disarmament efforts, and still feeling the effects of the Depression, were unable to rearm to counter the German rearmament until 1937. By this time, it was too late to compete with the German armament. Once war broke out in 1939, Hitler was equipped with an all-powerful army, unlike the world had seen before. ascribable to the rearmament policies of Hitler, the German army had a massive force of tanks and planes, that the allies were unable to compete against.In the Battle for France, the Germans were equipped with 141 divisions, most of them motorized, 2500 modern tanks, and over 5500 modern planes. 34 On the British and French sides, they had 144 divisions, but most were still simple infantry divisions using outdated World War 1 era rifles and machine guns. 35 They were equipped with 3300 tanks which actually outnumbered the Germans, but again due to the lack of allied armament in the 1930s, all of their tanks were outdated and inferior to the newer German tank designs. 6 Lastly, the allies could only amount 2200 aircraft, who were severely outnumbered and outgunned by the superior German Luftwaffe due to Germanys emphasize on rearming the Luftwaffe as the most important priority in modern warfare. 37 Germanys newly created and updated armed forces were able to easily defeat the outdated armed forces of most of Europe all the way up until late 1941 and 1942. Germanys rearmament process from the 1920s and 1930s was definitely one of the most defining reasons as to why Germany was able to become such a successful military force.If German rearmament had been stopp ed during the interwar period, it would have been impossible for Germany to wage any serious war against the allied powers. The tragedies of the war also could have been prevented if the allies were able to immediately respond to the German armament, instead of appeasement policies and not rearming their armies. After years of a struggling war, the allies were able to lento defeat the German army through eventually rearming and reequipping their armies with the modern equipment that Germany had done years before the war. Notes 1.Slavicek, Louise C. The Treaty of Versailles, 48. New York City Facts on File Inc, 2010. 2. ibid. , 52 3. ibid. , 56-57 4. Reprint Old Magazine Articles. Germanys Triumph of Despair. Literacy Digest, February 10, 1923. Accessed December 5, 2012. 5. Abraham, David. The Collapse of the Weimar Republic Political Economy and Crisis, 262-271. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1986. 6. Slavicek, The Treaty of Versailles, 47. 7. cyclopaedia Britannica Online , s. v. Freikorps, accessed December 05, 2012, http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/ subject/218844/Freikorps 8.Manchester, William. The Krupp Bloodline. Inicio. Accessed December 5, 2012. http//www. bibliotecapleyades. net/bloodlines/krupp. htm. 9. Ibid. 10. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s. v. Treaty of Rapallo, accessed December 05, 2012, http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/491362/Treaty-of-Rapallo. 11. Suchenwirth, Richard. The Development of the German Air Force, 1919-1939, 14-19. Modesto University Press of the Pacific , 2005. 12. Ibid. , 21 13. Encyclopedia Britannica, Treaty of Rapallo 14. Ibid. 15. Abraham, Collapse of the Weimar Rupublic, 120-134 6. Ibid. , 132 17. Taylor, Blaine. In Hitlers Engineers Master Builders of the Third Reich, 1st ed. , 48-72. Houston Casemate Pub, 2010. 18. Taylor, Blaine. Fritz Todt. In Hitlers Engineers Master Builders of the Third Reich, 1st ed. , 52-58. Houston Casemate Pub, 2010. 19. Ibid. , 58 20. Fremdling, Rainer. The German in dustrial Census of 1936 statistics as preparation for the war. Ideas, Blog. Accessed December 5, 2012. http//ideas. repec. org/p/dgr/rugggd/200577. html. 21. Ibid. 22. Trueman, Chris. Germany and Rearmament. History Learning Site.Accessed December 5, 2012. http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/germany_and_rearmament. htm. 23. Steiner, Arthur H. The Geneva Disarmament Conference of 1932. In annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 212-219. Los Angeles Sage Publications, 2008. Accessed December 5, 2012. 24. Trueman, Germany and Rearmament 25. Ibid. 26. Maiolo, Joseph. The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 35-36. 27. Aviation History Magazine. Spanish Civil War German Condor Legions Tactical Air Power. History Net. Last modified June 12, 2006. 28. Macdonogh, Giles. 938 Hitlers Gamble, 13. New York Basic Books, 2009. 29. Trueman, Germany and Rearmament 30. Macdonogh, 1938 Hitlers Gamble, 88-123. 31. EDSITEment. From Neutrality to War The United States and Europe, 19211941. EDSITEment. http//edsitement. neh. gov/curriculum-unit/neutrality-war-united-states-and-europe-1921-1941. 32. Ibid. 33. Ibid. 34. Warner, Phillip. The Battle of France, 1940, 74-75. Johannesburg Cassel Co. , 2001. 35. Ibid. ,82 36. Ibid. , 90 37. Suchenwirth, German Air Force, 144 Bibliography Bennett, Edward W. German Rearmament and the West, 1932-1933.Princeton, NJ Princeton UP, 1979. Print. Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich at War. New York Penguin, 2009. Print. Germnys New War Spirit. Literary Digest 4 Feb. 1933 n. pag. Old Magazine Articles. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www. oldmagazinearticles. com/how_did_germany_change_under_Hitler_pdf. German Threat and Rearmament. The Cabinet Papers. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www. nationalarchives. gov. uk/cabinetpapers/themes/german-threat-rearmament. htm. Hickman, Kennedy. Disarmament Washington Naval Treaty. About. om Military History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//militaryhistory. about. com/od/militar ystrategies/p/washingtontreat. htm. Kellogg-Briand pledge 1928. The Avalon Project Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928. Yale University, n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/kbpact. htm. Murray, Williamson. Winston Churchills prewar Effort to Increase Military Spending. History Net Where History Comes Alive World US History Online Winston Churchills Prewar Effort to Increase Military Spending Comments. MHQ Magazine, 12 June 2006.Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www. historynet. com/winston-churchills-prewar-effort-to-increase-military-spending. htm. Shirer, William L. Rise and Fall of the Third Reich A History of Nazi Germany. New York Simon and Schuster, 2011. Print. Spielvogel, Jackson J. , and David Redles. Hitler and Nazi Germany A History. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall, 1988. Print. Trueman, Chris. Germany and Rearmament. Germany and Rearmament. History Learning Site, n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/germany_and_rearmament. htm

Two Types of Computer Software

COMPUTER package INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE Computer computer computer softw are form or just c totally as package is about both set of machine readable instruction that directs a computer precessorto perform spesific operations. One common way of dicribing hardware and bundle is to say that software can be thought of as the varible part of a computer and hardware as the invariable part. Hardware and software engage each other(a) neither has any value without the other. Software is a genaral term. It can refer to all computer instuction in general or to any detail set of computer instuctions.It is conclusive of both machine instruction that call the binary mark that more human understand and ejaculate code that more human undestandable instructions that must be rendered into machine code by compiless or interoreters before being executed. On most computer plattforms software can be grouped into two broad categories. It is outline software is the basic software needed for a computer to operate. The exercise software is all the software that uses the computer system to perform useful manoeuvre beyond the operation of the computer itself.Software refer to one or more computer and selective information held in storage of the computer. In the other enunciates, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithm and its documentation concerned with the operation of the fuction of program it implemens either by straightaway providing instruction to the digitals electronics or by serving as input to the another piece of software. The term was coined to contrast to the term hadware. In the contrast hardware , software cannot be touched. Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense meaning application software only.Sometimes the terms includes information that has not traditionally being associated with computers, such as film, types and record . These are system software or run system referred simply as the OS, application softwa re and programming languages. Usually most of us interact with a computer using application software. * TYPES OF SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application system includes a variety of programs that can be subidivided into ganeral-purpose and function-specific application categories. A normal substance abuser rarely gets to see the operating system or to work with it.But all of us are familiar with application software which we must use to interact with a computer. Application softwares are used to improve our work ability. various application softwares and system softwares are used in daily life. Some are productivity software, content software, assessment software, online software, drill and practice software, problem figure out software, tutorials, multimedia softwares, stimulation, games, group ware, share ware, spy ware, free ware etc . Some softwares are used to produce and create documents and different presentations. In the application software have four type. It is general purpose, custom software, commercial off-the shelf(COST) and open source-software. Genaral-purpose application programs are programs that perform common information processing jobs for end user. For example word processing, spreadsheet, database management, and graphics prgrams are popular with microcomputer user for home,education,business, scientific and many other purpose. Because they significantly increase the productivity of end user , they are sometimes known a productivity packages.Other examples include web browsers, e-mail, and group ware, which help support communication among workgroups and teams. Costum software is an additional common way of classifying software is ground on how the software was the demonstrable. It is the term used to identity software application that are developed within an organisation for used to identify software applicationthat are developed within an organization for use by that organization. In other words, the organization that writes the program code is also the organization that use the final software organization.Software that is developed for a specific user or organization is custom software. Since it is built for a specific user, its specifications and features are in accordance with the users needs. Commercial off-the shelf(COST). It is developed with the intention of selling the softwarein multiple copies and usually for a profit. In this case, the organization that writes the software is not the intended target audience for its use. Several characteristics are most-valuable when describing COST software.As opposed to custom software, off-the-shelf software is standard software bought off the shelf. It has predefined specifications that may or may not cater to any specific users requirements. When you buy it, you agree to its license agreement. First as stated in our definition, COST software products are sold in many copies with minimal changes beyond scheduled upgrade release. Purchaser of COST software g enerally not control over the specification,schedule, evolution, or access to either the source code or internal documentation.A COST product is sold, leased, or licennsed to the genaral public, but in virtually all cases, the vendor of the product retains the intellectual prperty rights of the software. Costum software, in contrast,is gerally owned by the organization that developed it, and the specifications, functionality, and awnershipof the final product are controlled or retained by the developing organization. Open- source software is the newest innovation in software development. In this approach, developers collaborate on the development of an application usingprogramming standards that allow for everyone to contribute to the software.Futhermore , as each developer completes his or her project, the code for the application becomes the available and free to anyone else who wishes to use it. Open source software is available in its source code form and the rights to change, improve and sometimes distribute its code are given under a software license. Software developed by an individual or an organization, where the source code is closed from public (not available openly) is referred to as closed source software. SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software consist of program that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities.For example. Operating systemand network management programs lot as a vital software interface between computer networks and hardware and the application programs of the ends users. System software is the backbone of any computer. It consists of all the files and programs that work to make your computer operate as a computer. System software is automatically provided when you purchase a computer on the high street, and is installed along with the operating system. Providers of system software include Windows and Apple Mac.These offer regular updates which can be installed for free as they become available. Exam ples of system software include assemblers, system utilities, tools and debuggers. We can group system software into two major categories. System management programs. Program that manage the hardware, software network,and data resources of computer system during the accomplishment of the various information processing jobs of users, example of important system management programs are operating systems,network managemant programs, database management systems and system utilities.System development programs. It is program that help user develop information system program and procedur and prepare user programs for computer processing. Major software development programs are programming langguage translators and aditors ,and variety of CASE and other programming tools. PICTURE OF TYPE OF SOFWARE REFFERENCE OBrien, J. A. ,Marakas, G. A(2011). Management information system. American new york McGraw Hill. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Personal Development and Lifelong Learning Sector

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Myths: Education and Family

Interpreting and understanding figments depend on an individuals personal views, beliefs, and ideas. With that in mind, the myth regarding the nuclear family and the myth of education and empowerment ar every interpreted differently and argued, for and against, in many ways. Both have been perceived negatively by edict, yet they have not everlastingly been a harmful folktale. Rather, the myth that education can mitigate well-nighones sprightliness has been used, year after year, to motivate the youth in order to improve their own personal lifestyle.The myth of the nuclear family has also been used over and over again by the media as a prospective goal for everyone who wants to aim a family. Although the passing of time has changed the perception of both myths throughout our society, to many, including myself, these myths continue to provide hope for a better life and a traditional family. r arefied the myth of the ideal family, which the media depicts as white, semi-rich an d happy with no rifts (Soto 29) is what negatively impacts society because no one should set a standard on what a family should be like.As a result of this misconception, the ideal family has become the ultimate goal for couples who want the best for their children. Take Gary Sotos Looking for Work, and picture an eight year senior Mexican-the Statesn boy, who felt the need to change his family because he wanted them to act like the white families portrayed in television shows, like Leave it to Beaver. Why do these individuals have the need to create the perfect family portrayed by the media?According to Soto, as a child, he tried to convince his family that if they improved the way they looked they faculty get along better in life White people would like them more White people might not hate them so much (30). Although the myth of the family has been attributed negative qualities because it creates a false sense of reality, it has, for many years, been the underlying reason why c ouples start a family of their own.For instance, if a couple could not decide on the number of children, they could turn to the myth and consider starting with two because the myth implies that an ideal family consists of Dad, Mom, a couple of kids, maybe a dog, living in a spacious suburban home (Colombo et al. 18). Even though society has accepted the meaning of family to be between a man and a woman, moreover, it is evident that in the America of forthwith there are families composed of same-sex couples. The myth however, was not created to incorporate same-sex couples as part of the efinition, as it is explicitly described in page 18 of consonance at Home the traditional vision of the ideal nuclear family-Dad, Momremains surprisingly strong. This myth has become so ingrained in society that even after the idea of the nuclear family still receives extensive support. Even the famous archaeologist, Margaret Mead, commented on the belief of the ideal nuclear family As far coverin g fire as our knowledge takes us, human beings have lived in families. We know of no period where this was not so.We know of no people who have succeeded for long in dissolving the family or displacing it (New humankind Encyclopedia). Similar to the myth of the nuclear family, the myth of education and empowerment introduces two different sides of the spectrum- the idea that education is not for everyone, as seen by John Taylor Gatto in Against School, and the idea that education does improve someones life, as seen by Malcolm X in Learning to Read. The literal adaptation of the myth shows education as a symbol of success and as the doorway to fulfill the American dream (Colombo et al. 11). Education, moreover, has not always been perceived negatively by society because to many people education represents social mobility and a shot for a better life. While there may be some frustration with the educational system, education, according to the myth, will always serve those who seek to better their lives and who want to be someone in life, as long they are not limited to the quality of education offered. However, the reality is that minorities have continuously faced obstacles that impeded them from receiving a high-quality education.For instance, if an individual comes from an affluent household, then as students they are more likely to receive a better educational foundation than an individual who goes to a lower or middle class school (Anyon 173). As a result of Jean Anyons findings, it is evident that social class plays a prominent role to the type of education that a student receives particularly if knowledge of skills leading to social power and regard (medical, legal, managerial) are made available to the advantaged social groups but are withheld from working classes, to whom a more hard-nosed curriculum is offered (manual skills, clerical knowledge) (170).But what if we, as a society, had followed what President John F. Kennedy mentioned in his 1960 s enatorial speech that we need to rededicate ourselves to the principle of equal educational opportunity for all regardless of race, place of birth, or wealth. Our society would be improved greatly, and the educational knowledge would be dispersed equally amongst all of the citizens no one would be given a better education because everyone would receive the same quality.The significance that the education and empowerment myth has in society is that one people who commit in education are more likely to finish their schooling because it symbolizes an achievement and because it emphasizes the credibility of what the United States represents-freedom, happiness, and success. Secondly, if an individual like Gatto believes that education is a dotty of time (148), then people will become discouraged and therefore there is a higher probability that these individuals will fail to fulfill the American Dream.The reason I am generalizing this concept and associating failure with not finishing high school or college, is because of the way that I grew up and the sacrifices that my parents had to endure in order for all their children to have the best education possible to my parents, not finishing school is like giving up in life, and throwing all their sacrifices cut the trash chute.Lastly, the belief that education brings you power and offers you an open door for a better life, has impacted society, because as the country progressed into the new era way sooner the revolutions that this country had to endure, such as the Civil Rights Movement and womens suffrage, education was not opened to everyone. As time went by and people fought for their liberties, education became a universal liberty, rather than a right given to selected individuals. All in all, the myth of the nuclear family and the myth of education and empowerment have not always been interpreted as negative ideas by society.They may have been by a few people, but the feeling was not mutually shared by every one. Both myths served as motivational ideas that influenced people like Gary Soto and Malcolm X, to have the desire to try new things, even if what Soto wanted to try could have change his family completely and the things Malcolm X wanted to experience, improved his capacity to learn and educate himself. Although, the myth of the nuclear family has not changed because it has not accepted same-sex couples, the myth of education and empowerment has changed with regard to who it is being applied to.In other words, the interpretation of the myth will vary with people from different backgrounds. For instance, to a Mexican like me, education is a gateway to a better life. To a Chinese person, education represents honor and recognition from his or her family. Lastly, the myths of education and the nuclear family gives us, the citizens of the United States, hope for a better life or a perfect family, depending on ones respective point of view. Works Cited Anyon, Jean. Social Class and th e Hidden Curriculum of Work. 1980. Rereading America cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. By Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and becoming Lisle. Vol. 162. Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. 169-85. Print. First appeared in the Journal of Education. Colombo, Gary, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Harmony at Home The Myth of the Model Family. Introduction. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. 17-21. Print. Colombo, Gary, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Learning Power The Myth of Education and Empowerment. Introduction. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. 109-15. Print. Colombo, Gary, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. Print. Gatto, John Taylor. Against School. 2003. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinkin g and Writing. By Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle.Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. 148-55. Print. This selection originally appeared in Harpers magazine. John F. KennedySpeech by Senator John F. Kennedy, Beverly Hilton Hotel, Los Angeles, CA (Advance Release Text), November 2, 1960. Web. 22 Oct 2012. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,The American Presidency Project. http//www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ws/? pid=25930. Marriage Equality USA. hold up 8 Hurt My Family Ask Me How. 2009. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing.By Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. 84-88. Print. New World Encyclopedia. Margaret Mead. New World Encyclopedia. New World Encyclopedia, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. http//www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Margaret_Mead. Soto, Gary. Looking for Work. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. By Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston Bedford of St. Martins, 2010. 26-31. Print.

Succubus Blues CHAPTER 22

You faked it faked being affected by me, I echtized, shock making my words come come forth thick and faltering.Still chuckling, he took a step toward me, and I cringed, frantically trying to find a way to run, to strike out of my own apartment. What had moments ago seemed safe and inviting now became shut down and stifling. My apartment was too small, the door too far away. I couldnt breathe. The amusement on ro musical compositions face shifted to astonishment.Whats the proposition? What are you timid of?What do you opine Im afraid of?He blinked. Me?Yes, you. You kill immortals.Well, yeah, he admitted, unless(prenominal) Id neer hurt you. Never. You cope that, dont you? I didnt answer. Dont you?I backed up farther, not that I had anywhere to go. I was faced in such a way as to only keep moving toward my bedroom, not toward the front door. That wasnt a apt(predicate) to do any good. papistic still seemed floored at my reaction. Come on, I cant believe this. I would never do anything to you. Im half in love with you. Hell, do you know what a wrench youve already thrown into this operation?Me? What pick up I done?What have you done? Youve wrapped my heart around your little finger, thats what youve done. That day when you solicited me at the bookstore? I couldnt believe my luck. Id been watch you all week, you know, trying to learn your habits. Christ, Ill never forget the first day I aphorism you. How feisty you where. How beautiful. I would have gone to the ends of the earth for you right then and there. And later when you wouldnt go out with me after the signing? I couldnt believe it. You were originally going to be my first target, you know. besides I couldnt do it. Not after Id talked to you. Not after Id realized what you are.I swallowed, leftover in spite of myself. What what am I?He took a step toward me, a rueful half-smile on his handsome face. A succubus who doesnt want to be a succubus. A succubus who wants to be human.No, thats not trueOf course it is. Youre interchangeable me. You dont play by the rules. Youre tired of the system. You dont let them push you into the role theyve dictated for you. God, I couldnt believe it, watching you. The more you seemed interested in me, the more you tried to back off. You think thats normal for a succubus? It was the most amazing thing Id ever seen not to concern the most frustrating. Thats why I finally decided to call you out today. I couldnt decide if youd rightfully cut me off for my own good or were just interested in someone else now similar Mortensen.Wait thats why you arranged that stupid little game today? For your own bed ego gratification?Roman shrugged haplessly, still looking self-satisfied. It expectants so shallow when you put it like that. I mean, okay, it was pretty stupid. And maybe a little childish. But I had to know where your affection stood. You cant imagine how touching it was to see you so worried slightly me not to mention the fact tha t you checked on me first. That was the real kicker I got priority over the others.I almost protested that Id actually worried about bent first, having only called Roman in the lead because I thought solidification was already accounted for. Fortunately, I had enough sense to keep my mouth shut on that issue. Better to let Roman think hed proven his point.You have issues, I said instead, perhaps unwisely. Making me jump by hoops like that. Me and the other immortals.Perhaps. And I am sorry for any discomfort I caused you, just as for the others? He shook his head. Its good for them. They need it, Georgina. I mean, doesnt it piss you off? What theyve done to you? Youre obviously not happy with your lot, but do you think the folks in charge are going to let you change things? No. No more than theyre going to give me or my kind a break. The system is flawed. Theyre locked in their fucking this is good and this is evil mentality. No gray area. No mutability. Thats why I go around a nd do what I do. They need the wake-up call. They need to know they arent the be all and end all of sin and salvation. Some of us are still fighting.Go around How often do you do this? This cleanup position thing?Oh, not that often. Every twenty to fifty years or so. Sometimes a century. Doing it sort of cleanses me for a while, and then, over the years, Ill start getting smashed off at the whole system again and stake out a new place, a new set of immortals.Is it always the same image? I remembered Jeromes symbols. The warning phase then the main attack phase?Roman brightened. Well, well, havent you done your homework. Yes, it usually works that way. Take out a a few(prenominal) lesser immortals first. Theyre easy targets, even if I always feel a little guilty about it. Really, theyre as very much victims of the system as you and I are. Still, messing with them freaks out the higher immortals, and then the stage is set to move on to the main attraction.Jerome, I stated grimly. Who?Jerome the local archdemon. I hesitated. Your father.Oh. Him.Whats that supposed to mean? You dont sound like hes a big deal.In the grand scheme of things, hes not.Yeah but hes your fatherSo? Our relationship or lack thereof doesnt really change anything.Jerome had said almost the exact same thing about Roman. Baffled, I sat down on the arm of a nearby extend since it appeared my imminent destruction wasnt quite so imminent after all. But isnt he isnt he the real target the higher immortal youre here to kill?Roman shook his head, face turning serious. No. Thats not how the pattern works. After I move on from the lesser immortals, I focus in on the local bigwig. The real powerhouse in the area. That tends to unsettle people more. Better psychological effect, you know? If I can take out the big man on campus, then they worry no one is safe.So, that would be Jerome.No, its not, he countered patiently. Archdemonor no, my illustrious father is not the ultimate power source aroun d here. Dont get me wrong Im getting a nice bit of satisfaction from pissing in his territory, so to speak, but theres someone else who dwarfs him. You probably dont know him. Its not like youd have reason to hang out with him or anything.Stronger than Jerome? That only left Carter. Youre going after Carter.Is that his name? The local angel?Hes stronger than Jerome?Considerably. Roman gave me a curious look. Do you know him?I know of him, I lied. Like you said, I dont hang out with him or anything.In reality, my mind raced. Carter was the target? Mild, sardonic Carter? I could hardly believe he was more powerful than Jerome, but then, I knew almost nothing about him. I didnt even know what he did, what his prank or mission in Seattle was. Yet, one thing that was obvious to me and only me, apparently was that if the angel really did outclass Jerome, then Roman couldnt do anything to him, not if the rule about nephilim power not exceeding parental power held true. Roman shouldnt t echnically be able to harm either angel or demon.I chose not to mention this to him, however or the fact that I knew Carter better than Roman believed. The more delusional he was, the more of a destiny we had to do something about him.Good. I didnt really figure a succubus would be too friendly with an angel, but with you, its hard to tell. You may have a sharp tongue, but you still manage to gather a lot of admirers. Relaxing slightly, Roman leaned against a wall, crossing his arms over his chest. God knows Ive already gone out of my way to avoid your friends.Anger helped me overcome my fear. Oh really? What about Hugh?Which ones he?The imp.Ah, yes. Well, I had to keep setting an example, didnt I? So, yeah, I messed with him a little. Hed been impertinent to you. But I didnt kill him. He looked at me in what I supposed was meant to be an encouraging type of way. That was for your benefit.I stayed silent. I recalled how Hugh had looked in the hospital. Impertinent?And what about t he others? he pushed. That annoying angel? The vampire that threatened you? I wanted to break his neck on the spot. I got rid of them for you. I didnt have to do that.I felt ill. I wanted no deaths on my hands. Most considerate of you.Come on, give me a break here. I had to do something, and really, once Id met your vampire friend at the dance lesson, I couldnt bring myself to do anything to him at all. You put me in a really choky spot. I was running out of victims.Sorry for the inconvenience, I snapped, ire rising at his pathetic show of compassion. Is that why you took it easy on me that night?He frowned. What do you mean?You know what I mean Thinking back to my attack, it all made perfect sense. It had occurred after Id been to Krystal Starz, the day after Id run out on Roman at the concert. A perfect excuse for him to be angry and seek retaliation. Remember? The day after Dougs concert? After Id been with Seth?Understanding washed over Romans features. Oh. That.Thats all you h ave to say?It was a bit juvenile, I admit, but you can hardly blame me. It wasnt easy watching you cozy up to Mortensen after freaking out on me like that. Id watched you go home with him the night before. I had to do something.I sprang up from my seat, old scruple returning. You had to do something? Like beat the crap out of me in an alley?Roman raised an eyebrow. What are you talking about? I told you I would never hurt you.Then what are you talking about?Im talking about that ice cream place. Id followed you two around earlier in the day, and when I saw how cute you were getting over dessert, I got jealous and blew the door propagate. Juvenile, as I said.I remember that I trailed off stupidly, recalling how the door had blown open at the parlor, letting the outside wind wreak havoc in the small store. Wind like that was certainly uncharacteristic here, yet I had never suspected supernatural influence. He was right it had been juvenile.So whats the alley thing youre talking abou t? he prompted.I snapped out of my memory. Later that night. Id been running errands, and you or someone attacked me on the way home.Romans face turned cold, his eyes sharpening to aqua steel. Tell me. Tell me everything. Exactly what happened.I did, explaining my lead to the Harrington book, subsequent trip to Krystal Starz, and passport home in the dark. I edited the part about my rescuer, however. I didnt want Roman to know I had more than a casual booster with Carter, lest the nephilim think I might be a deterrent to his plans. The more he thought I had no interest in the angel, the more likely I would be able to get out some kind of warning.Closing his eyes, Roman leaned his head against the wall when I finished, sighing. Suddenly, he looked less like a dangerous killer and more like a tired version of the man Id come to know and nearly love. I knew it. I knew nonintervention was too much to ask.What what do you mean? A strange feeling crawled down my spine.Nothing. Forget it . Look, Im sorry about that. I should have taken precautions beforehand to protect you. I knew too the next day? When I came by and you cut things off between us? I could tell you had been hurt, even through your shape-shifting. I could tell it was supernaturally inflicted too, but I never suspected I thought it was some other immortal one of your own circuit youd tangled with. You had sort of a residual effect on you the faint traces of someone elses power like a demonsBut thats not oh. You mean Jerome. protactinium dearest again? Dont tell me dont tell me he did something to you too. Romans brief lapse into mildness faded, replaced by something more sinister.No, no, I said hastily, recalling Jeromes psychic slap, pinning me to the couch. It wasnt like that. It was more of a show of power that I caught the edge of. He wasnt the one who hurt me. Hed never hurt me.Good. Im still not happy about what happened in the alley, mind you, but Ill have a little chat with the guilty party and make sure it never happens again. When I saw you that day, I had half a mind to take out all the immortals in the area. The thought of someone hurting you Closer and closer he came to me. Hesitantly, he squeezed my arm. I didnt know whether to recoil or reach out to him. I didnt know how to reconcile my old attraction with this new terror. You have no idea how much I care about you, Georgina.Then how in the alley Before I could follow that thought to completion, another suddenly poked its head up at Romans words. When I saw you that day. He had visited me the day after the attack, coming over while Carter investigated a nephilim signature. But that was impossible. I couldnt remember where that particular signature had occurred, but it had not been close by. Roman could not have flashed Carter and then made it over to my apartment so quickly.Iknew noninterference was too much to ask for. Ill have a little chat with the guilty party.I understood then why Roman felt he could take on Carter, why having less power than the angel would pose no concern. The realization sank into me like lead, heavy and cold. Im not sure what look crossed my face, but Romans suddenly softened with compassion.Whats the matter?How many? I whispered to him.How many what?How many nephilim are in the city?

“Taking Responsibility”

Robbery, rape, assault, murder, theft, and vandalism These ar just a handful of the crimes committed by infantren today. Whether the crime be cutthroat or non violent, the crime rate of adolescents under eighteen has increased. Crimes like these score caused mint to ponder the question Should p bents be accountable, leg solelyy and financially for crimes committed by their children under eighteen? Some believe that parents should not be held accountable for the crime their child commits.Others believe that parents should be responsible for their childrens actions. Parents should be held responsible for their childrens crimes because parents should teach their children what is right from wrong at a young age and they should be more involved in their childrens lives and be interested with the people and places that he or she is associated with. On the other hand, some people determine that if a child under eighteen commits a crime, their parents should not pass on responsibility for it.When parents discipline a child too much, the child is seeming to be rebellious and go against their parents wishes. There are parents that have done all that they could and in spite of that, their child gets into criminal activity. The opposing view also believes that even when parents are involved in their childs life, there are other factors that corrupt a child into committing crime. Society and the media have a great influence on how children act. Peer pressure is another factor that may cause a child to commit a crime.Overall, a parent cannot control their childs decisions and should not be held liable for their childrens actions. Parents should be held responsible legally and financially for crimes committed by their children under age eighteen because parents should teach their children what is right from wrong at an early age. If parents do not discipline their children for doing the wrong thing, how will their children ever learn from their mistakes? (Rhetorical question) Ministers believe that problems on the street often begin at home.When children have a dysfunctional family or bad influences at home, they are more likely to be involved in criminal activity. If the parents set a bad example for their children they are likely to follow it. It is the parents responsibility to let their children know what is not right. If parents make the effort to direct their children toward the right path in life, they will not be mistaken or end up following criminal activity. (Cause and effect) If parents do not do their job in teaching their children hat is right from wrong, their children will never learn and assume that it is okay to repeat their false actions. Parents also have the responsibility of elucidating what is right from wrong to their children so that their children can grow up to force successful individuals. Parents should be held responsible legally and financially for the crimes their children commit because parents should be involv ed in their childs life and be concerned with the people and places that he or she is associated with.Parents should be familiar with their childrens friends because a child is like a parrot they repeat the actions of their friends and are easily influenced by them. (Metaphor) If a child is friends with someone who is doing drugs or making bad choices, they are likely to be caught following in their footsteps. It would be wonderful for parents to dump their children in the streets, precisely they should know where their children are at all times. Satire) Parents need to question their children before they go out they need to know who they are going to be with and where they are going to be. When parents are informed about the places their children spend time they can contact them and there is a smaller chance that they will be doing something illegal. Therefore, parents should be responsible legally and financially for crimes committed by their children under eighteen because as a parent, their job is to make sure that their children are safe and successful.Parents should have a close or good relationship with their children and they should be concerned with their childrens lives. They must also make the time to get to know the geek of people that their children spend time with. If parents do this, not only will they benefit, but their children will benefit as well. Parents will be leading their child to live a pleasant life, striding away from crime and toward a better future. (Tone-Positive)

Regulation and Pizza Hut Essay

School cafeterias served nearly $500 million of pizza pie pie a year. Only frozen pizza was used, however, because unspoiltly prepared pizza was returnively excluded by a U. S. Department of Agriculture ( farming) regulation that required inspection of any pizza with meat toppings that was sold at wholesale for resale. The same was true for other institutions such as hospitals and prisons. The 39 broader issue was the closure of the institutional trade to freshly-prepared foods such as pizza and other fast foods. pizza pie shacks overall business strategy was to become a pizza distribution company, and the institutional market was crucial to that strategy. accord to Roger Rydell of Pizza Hut, schools were a potentially enormous business for us. Wed like to have every unity of our 4,000 delivery-capable units nationwide serving at least one school. 1 Since Pizza Hut was excluded from the institutional market by the USDA regulation, the task before Pizza Hut was to develop a nonmarket strategy to measure up this regulation to allow school cafeterias and ultimately other institutions to order fresh pizza.There were both prefatorial institutional arenas in which Pizza Hut could address this nonmarket foreclosure of a market. oneness was the regulatory apparatus of the USDA. From the thought of a bureaucracy such as the USDA, an unsusceptibility from its meat inspection responsibilities would be required. It seems unlikely that the USDA would want to weaken its own inspection program. Indeed, the opponents of an exemption for fresh pizza, as led by the field of study Frozen Pizza Institute, sought to have the contentious issue resolved by the USDA.A event in that institutional arena would necessitate an extensive administrative process requiring public hearings, publication of proposed regulations in the Federal Register, a comment period, possible adoption of an exemption, and possible legal challenge in the federal courts by the losing side. Thi s process would likely be quite lengthy. (See Chapter 10 for a discussion of this process. ) Pizza Hut first attempted to obtain a USDA exemption without an administrative process but failed in its attempt. The second institutional arena was sexual congress, which could enact legislation to overturn regulations.Pizza Hut worked through Congress to include a provision in a 1991 agriculture bill that would allow fresh pizza to be purchased by school cafeterias without USDA inspection. The amendment directed the USDA to issue regulations by August 1992 allowing fresh pizza with meat toppings to be sold to private and public institutions. 2 Pizza Hut had headquarters in Wichita, Kansas, and Representative Dan Glickman, whose district includes Wichita, commented that the USDA regulation was a Byzantine, outdated and, quite honestly, an anti-competitive regulatory structure. 3.One question was whether this issue was resolved by interest group politics or by roughly public policy process establish on a careful study of the costs and benefits. The opposition, for example, argued that an exemption posed a health hazard, whereas Pizza Hut argued that precooked toppings such as pepperoni had already undergone two inspectionsone at the processing plant and one earlier at the slaughterhouse. These arguments likely had little effect on the decision other than to convince members of Congress that there was no health hazard in fresh pizza sold to institutions.This issue was ultimately resolved through interest group politics, with Pizza Hut and other fast-food chains backing the exemption and frozen pizza interests opposing it. 1 beleaguer Street Journal, November 29, 1991. 2 Wall Street Journal, November 29, 1991. 3 San Francisco Chronicle, November 28, 1991. Assignment Questions (30%) 1. What is/are the real issue based on the case study? (2 marks) 2. Describe the 4Is based on the Pizza Hut grounds Study. (8 marks) 3. Describe the roles of news media in this case study. (10 marks) 4. From the case study, where those issues are in their life cycles? Discuss. (10 marks).

Intrinsic Motivation: Surefire Way to Win Over Downturn Essay

Though n unrivalled opposes the fact that indigence is the real driving locomotive of every action, there is considerable differences among the theorists about its mechanism, especially when it comes to explore the possibility to bring out the top hat out in the employees of an face, where one school of thought advocates for alien motivation for instant solution and the new(prenominal) insists on capitalizing the long-term efficacy of intrinsic motivation. Under the present context of economic downturn, this issue is exceedingly important, as outside motivation primarily involves money.Therefore, this paper explores the core elements of motivation and concepts of extraneous and intrinsic supports from germane(predicate) literature, before coming into its own conclusion. Core of Motivation The core of motivation contains three elements the likes of Consciousness, upside-down Qualia and Absent Qualia. These three together create various mental states. Consciousness It has si x major recognizable states like 1. State of awareness When someone is aware of something (Rosenthal, 1986). 2. Qualitative states Sensing something out of something like enjoying a meal or experiencing a pain.Such experiences are called qualia, and are regarded as intrinsic, private, ineffable and nomadic features of experience, (Dennet, 1990). 3. phenomenal states A state involving more than sensory qualia, covering spatial, temporal and conceptual organization of experiences about the domain of a function and the persons inference about it. 4. What-it-is-like states Associating a sense of experience with an other(a). 5. Access ken Its like seeing a thing and ideating something and then deciding on something, where there may or may not be any relationship among the above-said three stages.6. Narrative consciousness This stream of consciousness contains a series of thoughts from the perspective of an actual or merely virtual self (Dennett, 1991). Inverted Qualia It refers to a personal package of intrinsic and intricate experiences, with which humans decipher various external signals and respond to them, where the reputation of experience governs the nature of response. The difference in perception causes inverted qualia, as for example someone world power like green tea and detest coffee for no unexplainable reasons.This trait has a smashed connection with intrinsic motivation (Dennet, 1991) Absent Qualia The concept of indifferent qualia claims that functional duplicates of a creature would do the same. As for example, if Mr. X likes tea and dislikes coffee, then his absolute clone would also do the same, for which the clone would not need an intricate and intrinsic package of experiences (Dennet, 1991). This concept backs the idea of getting result through extrinsic reward as for example, if Mr. X and Mr. Y do identical jobs under identical conditions, then if Mr. X feels satisfied with cash reward, Mr.Y would too follow the suit without a second thought This involve thus highlights dickens sets of hidden relationships, one, between inverted qualia and intrinsic motivation/rewards, and two, between absent qualia and extrinsic motivation/rewards. In any case, humans (apparently) involuntary association with rewards too has its routes in their perceptions, which maintain a master list of individualistic desires, and accordingly propel them to fulfill such desires. Put into an imaginary diagram, the mechanism of human mind rout out look somewhat like below Mechanism of Motivation motivate ToolsFrom the organizational perspective, the ways and means to motivate the employees lowlife be some. However, the common ones among them are, 1. Rewards 2. Retention 3. Morale 5. muse-enrichment 6. sustenance 1. Rewards organisation Rewards or recognition system has a great bearing on the emotional monotone of humans. Every behavior comes out of pain and gain principle, says Khera (2004, p. 110). There can be many types of tangi ble gains like money, vacations or gifts, or they can be intangible, like recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, and so on2. Retention It highly motivates the employees, as Retention is critical to the long term health and success of the familiarity (Heathfield, 2008). 3. Morale The elements like praise, love and faith can charge up anyone under any circumstance. 4. Job Enrichment It relates to the in-house grooming of the employees to become an expert in the related field. 5. Reinforcement. By all means, it is a tool to rig the employee behavior (Positive, 2000), which binds the company activities together. Other Factors Related to MotivationThere are three other factors that can be instrumental to keep employees motivated, and they are Job Satisfaction, Goal-setting and Performance appraisals. They are considered to be the self-boosters of the employees, and according to spud (2001), belief is a thought that c auses the power of subconscious to be distributed into all phases of life. Motivation and Reward System Reward systems are created to fuel the employee cooperation, effort and overall satisfaction of all members of the company Cacioppe (1999).Other researchers like Hackman (1997) Shea and Guzzo (1987) too have endorsed this view, and suggested to align rewards with group activities. The prefatory parameter of the formulating a reward structure, however, is expected to arrest the common logic like optimizing the ability of the workforce as a whole, though in get along it might go down to an individual, especially where the work patterns are not interdependent. This situation commands a busy review of the nature of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Intrinsic Rewards Deci (1975) says that intrinsic rewards evoke a sense of personal causation i. e., an inward mechanism serving as the guiding engine for the action, where its elements are usually intangible and working on the plane of ones perception, where the voyage is being enjoyed over the outcome. foreign Rewards Extrinsic rewards are supposed to generate perceptions of external causation (Deci, 1975) by being mostly tangible in nature a hike in salary or status, or material gains in other forms. However, researchers like Guzzo, (1979) defies any division in the reward system and considers it a single, usable tools to tweak the frequence of desired response of the employees towards a desired direction.Researchers like Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) placed extrinsic reward as a direct link between stimulus and response, and their views include punishment as a stimulus too, besides subscribing to the power of stimulus. Reaction No matter how much Hull (1943) and Skinner (1953) wanted to establish extrinsic motivation as the best motivating tool to earn competitive advantage, extrinsic motivation carries a hidden cost besides the cost involved in its implementation. Researchers like Deci and Ryan (1985) u se attribution theory and suggested that humans constantly reassess the reasons for their behaviors besides others.Before that, Lepper et al. (1973) had observed that reinforcement generates two inwardnesss for the management, like gaining control over activity or fastening the process two, the backlash effect in absence of reinforcement. The example below would explain it better A group or an individual gets a reward of x amount of money for a period y, where x+y=m, m being the increased rate of production. Before that, the situation was y=z where production was z. Now in the absence of reinforcement and with the influence of attribution theory, the situation would stand like y-x = n, where n z.This clearly goes against the basic reason for motivating the employees, i. e. , to enhance the profit of the organization. Engagement occurs when an employee connects emotionally with his work, says Paul Glen (2007), and if one checks the mechanism of motivation, one gets convinced that e xtrinsic motivation cannot influence the employees to connect emotionally with their work, as it is guided by absent qualia, i. e. , a momentary and involuntary chase, where emotion has no role to play.On the other hand, the intrinsic motivation is guided by inverted qualia, i.e. , conscious chase and that clearly takes along emotion in its journey and influence the human mind in no less than six ways. Conclusion The research and news above clearly shows that extrinsic motivation system can be a threat in disguise for the organizations especially under the present context of economic downturn, while intrinsic motivation can be the ideal solution under the same circumstance, where it can raise emotional attachment with the organization and inspire the employees to produce more for less.References Cacioppe, R. (1999). Using team-individual reward and recognition strategies to drive organizational success. Leadership and disposal Development Journal, 20(6), pp. 322-331. Deci, E. and Ryan, R. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York Plenum Press. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York Plenum. Denett, D. C. (1990). Quining qualia. In Mind and Cognition, W. Lycan (Ed. ), Oxford Blackwell, 519-548.Dennett, D. C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Boston Little, Brown and Company. Glen, P. (2007). You Cant Outsource Retention. Computerworld, July 16, 2007. Guzzo, R. A. (1979). Types of rewards, cognitions, and work motivation. Academy of focal point Review, 4(1), pp. 75-86. Hackman, J. R. (1997). Why teams dont work. In R. S. Tindale, J. Edwards, & E. J. Posavac (Eds. ) Applications of theory and research on groups to social issues. New York Plenum.